Who Is Amalek?

In the Book of Genesis we read that, Eliphaz, a son of Esau and his concubine Timna had a child named Amalek. Amalek grew up in Esau’s household, learning Esau’s pathological hatred of Jacob’s descendants from childhood on. His offspring became the nation of Amalek, and they lived to the south of the Land of Israel, in what is now known as the Negev Desert.

After the Jewish people crossed the Red Sea, they encamped in Rephidim, a barren location in the Sinai Desert. The people thirsted for water, and G‑d provided a miraculous well of water to accompany them on their journeys. While the Jews were still at Rephidim, recuperating from their escape from Egypt, the Amalekites launched a vicious surprise attack on them—even though the Jews did not invade Amalekite territory and were not even headed in that direction.

They were the first nation to attack the Jewish people after the Exodus from Egypt. The Amalekites mocked the Israelites, their God, and the rite of circumcision, by mutilating every Jew that fell into their power. They were acting like savages, raping women, killing children and elderly, much like we saw ISIS and Hamas act in our day. They were described as a nation having no fear of the Lord.

You find the story is found in the Book of Samuel, where God sent prophet Samuel to King Saul and told him to wipe out the Amalekites.

But King Saul and his people spared Agag, and the best of the sheep and of the cattle and the lambs, and all that was valuable, and would not utterly destroy them.

When Samuel found out about Saul’s disobedience, Saul lost his right to kingship.

To this day, history continues to struggle with the consequences of Saul’s mistake. It is said that the Amalekite nation survived and Agag lived long enough to father a child before he was killed by the Prophet Samuel.

One such example was Haman, the Persian minister, who tried to annihilate the Jews in the time of Queen Esther (355 BCE).  

Later, Hitler certainly espoused Amalekite ideology: “Yes, we are barbarians! We want to be barbarians. It is an honorable title to us … Providence has ordained that I should be the greatest liberator of humanity. I free man from … the degrading self-mortification of a false vision called conscience and morality … Conscience is a Jewish invention.” (Hitler Speaks, pp. 87, 220-222.)

God commanded the Jews to defeat the Amalekites, which they didn’t. God then warned the Jews that in the future Amalek would continuously reappear, in different generations, as an enemy of the Jews and they would continuously attack his chosen and need to be defeated. Not with truce or cease fire, because God commands total victory.

In the Hebrew Bible, the spirit of Amalek is therefore a demonic force that represents evil and destruction. The rabbis teach that there is a great difference between the spiritual nature of Amalek and that of other nations. They say the spirit of Amalek is Samael, the angel of evil, or Satan himself.

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